Understanding Pyometra in Dogs: What Every Breeder Should Know
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What Is Pyometra in Dogs?
Learn the signs, risks, and treatment of pyometra in breeding bitches. Early detection can save lives.
Pyometra is a serious and potentially fatal uterine infection that affects entire female dogs. For breeders, recognising the early warning signs can mean the difference between a quick recovery and a tragic outcome. Here’s what you need to know about pyometra, especially if your dam has recently been in season or is hormonally active.
What Is Pyometra?
Pyometra is a bacterial infection of the uterus, triggered by hormonal changes that thicken the uterine lining and create an ideal environment for bacteria to thrive. It typically occurs a few weeks after a heat cycle, especially in older or repeatedly bred bitches.
There are two types:
- Open pyometra: The cervix is open, allowing pus to drain.
- Closed pyometra: The cervix is closed, trapping infection inside — a more dangerous situation.
Symptoms of Pyometra
Signs can vary depending on the type but may include:
- Vaginal discharge (often thick, yellow, or bloody)
- Lethargy or depression
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting or diarrhoea
- Frequent urination or drinking more water
- Swollen abdomen (especially in closed pyometra)
- Fever
Closed pyometra may show fewer external signs but rapidly worsen, so always act if your dam seems off post-season.
Why It’s an Emergency
Pyometra is life-threatening. Left untreated, it can lead to:
- Uterine rupture
- Peritonitis (infection in the abdominal cavity)
- Sepsis (body-wide infection)
- Death
Early vet care is critical.
Diagnosis & Treatment
If pyometra is suspected, your vet will typically perform:
- Physical exam
- Ultrasound or X-rays
- Bloodwork
Treatment Options:
- Surgical: Emergency desexing (spaying) is the most common and effective treatment.
- Medical: In select cases (e.g. valuable breeding dogs), medical management with antibiotics and hormone therapy may be attempted—but carries higher risk and potential recurrence.
Can Pyometra Be Prevented or the Risk Reduced?
Yes—here’s how:
- Desexing: The only guaranteed prevention.
- Breeding Management: Avoid unnecessary hormonal treatments and monitor heat cycles closely.
- Post-heat vigilance: Watch your bitch 2–8 weeks after each season for any signs listed above.
Breeding Considerations
If your bitch has recovered from medically managed pyometra and you plan to breed her again:
- Speak with your reproductive vet about risks
- Monitor closely throughout her cycle and pregnancy
- Prepare for early intervention if symptoms return