How to Spot Eclampsia in Dogs Early: A Guide for Breeders
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Early Signs of Eclampsia in Dogs
Learn the early symptoms of eclampsia in lactating dogs and how to respond quickly to protect your dam and pups.
Eclampsia, or milk fever, is a dangerous drop in blood calcium levels that can occur in lactating bitches, especially in the first 1–4 weeks after whelping. Recognising the early signs of this condition can save your dam’s life and prevent a medical emergency.
This guide covers what to watch for, how to respond, and how to reduce the risk through good management and supplementation.
What Is Eclampsia?
Eclampsia is a form of acute hypocalcaemia, most often seen in small or toy breed dogs with large litters. Nursing a litter rapidly depletes calcium reserves, especially if the dam wasn’t adequately supported nutritionally or supplemented appropriately.
It can progress very quickly, sometimes in a matter of hours, and requires urgent veterinary care.
Who’s Most at Risk?
- Small breed dogs (e.g. Chihuahuas, Maltese, Pomeranians)
- Dams with large litters
- First-time mothers
- Bitches with a prior history of calcium issues
- Dogs over-supplemented with Calcium during pregnancy
Early Signs to Watch For
Act fast if you notice any of these symptoms—early recognition is critical:
- Restlessness or pacing
- Excessive panting not related to heat or stress
- Twitching or trembling, especially in legs or face
- Whining or crying out, seeming agitated
- Disorientation or stumbling
- Stiff or rigid movements
- Fever or warm ears
- Sudden reluctance to nurse the puppies
If untreated, it can escalate to:
- Muscle spasms
- Seizures
- Coma
- Death
What To Do If You Suspect Eclampsia
- Separate the puppies immediately to stop nursing.
- Keep the dam calm and cool (but not cold).
- Contact your vet or emergency clinic urgently—this is a medical emergency.
If advised by your vet, you may be able to administer oral calcium while en route, but injectable calcium should only be given by a vet due to risk of cardiac complications.
Prevention Tips for Breeders
- Feed a high-quality, calcium-balanced diet during pregnancy.
- Avoid calcium supplements until labour starts, unless directed by your vet.
- Begin oral calcium supplementation after the first pup is born, and continue during lactation if needed.
Use products specifically designed for canine use, like:
- TROY Calcium syrup for Dogs and Cats
- OSSOL Liquid calcium and vitamin Supplement for Dogs and Cats
- VETSENSE Calcium Syrup for Dogs, Puppies, Cats and Kittens
Final Thoughts
Eclampsia is scary—but with close monitoring and the right response, it’s also highly preventable and treatable. By staying informed and prepared, you can keep your dam safe and ensure her puppies thrive.
If you’ve had a dam experience eclampsia before, speak with your vet before the next mating to tailor a preventative care plan.